Canopy Herbivores
In general, herbivorous insects found in the canopy are not extremely sensitive to management practices, and most species can probably thrive in forests of several seral stages. All of the sensitive canopy herbivores are insects and all are somewhat specialized as to the hosts they select. These could include those that feed on conifer mistletoe or bryophytes that might be found only in mature or old-growth forests. There is a strong indication that most of these are preferentially associated with mature or old-growth forests and the range of all is limited to the range of the northern spotted owl.
Some specialize on conifers, while a few feed only on broad-leafed deciduous tree. One species,Mitoura johnsoni, feeds only on conifer mistletoe, Arceuthobium spp., usually on old-growth firs,Abies spp., although populations in central California have been found in association with Digger pine (Pinus sabiniana).
Some conifer-feeding canopy herbivores feed on more than one host genus, but most are limited to a single host genus or species. For example, Zeiraphera vancouverana is known only from Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) and Egira baueri is thought to feed only on Bishop pine (Pinus murictata).
Within their ranges, these species would be negatively affected by forest management practices that removed stands of mature or old- growth forests.
Order Acari
Camisia carrolli Andre
Order Heteroptera
Family Miridae
Atractotomus cooperi Stonedahl
Atractotomus kolenati (Flor)
Neoborella xanthenes Herring
Pinalitus solivagus(Van Duzee)
Platylygus pseudotsugae Kelton
Order Homoptera (aphids, scale insects, leafhoppers)
Family Aphidae (aphids)
Boernerina variabilis Richards
Essigella critchfieldiSorensen
Essigella wilsoni Hottes
Mindarus abietinus Koch
Superfamily Coccoidea (scale insects)
Family Diaspididae
Chionaspis pinifoliae (Fitch)
Nucalaspis californica (Coleman)
Puto cupressi (Coleman)
Stramenaspis kelloggi (Coleman)
Order Coleoptera (beetles)
Family Chrysomelidae (leaf beetles)
Chrysomela interna Brown
Pyrrhalta carbo LeConte
Family Curculionidae (weevils)
Pissodes utahensis Hopkins
Order Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)
Family Tortricidae
Zeiraphera vancouverana McDunnough
Family Lycaenidae (gossamer wings)
Mitoura johnsoni (Skinner), Johnson's Hairstreak
Mitoura nelsoni plicataria C. Johnson, Rosner's hairstreak
Family Geometridae (inch-worm or measuring worm moths)
Cochisea sonomensis Barnes and McDunnough
Family Noctuidae (owlet moths)
Autographa corusca (Strecker)
Egira baueri (Buckett)
Feralia deceptiva McDunnough
Order Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants)
Family Cimbicidae (cimbicid sawflies)
Zaraea americana Cresson